Day 1 课堂笔记整理 — 0330

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课堂总结图

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课堂补充词汇

单词	释义
congested	堵塞的；拥挤的
migrate	迁徙；移居

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雅思阅读替换练习 1–10

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Q1（C6-T1-P3）填空题

题目： In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their ______ lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on ______ for their food and clothes.

原文： Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.

✅ 答案：nomadic；nature

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
obliged	adj./v.	被迫的；感激的
nomadic	adj.	游牧的；流浪的
territory	n.	领地；领土

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
In recent years	Over the past 40 years
have been obliged to	— (对应 abandoned，语义重组)
give up	abandoned
lifestyle	ways
continue to depend mainly on	still rely heavily on
food and clothes	food and clothing

💡 题目解析

题目与原文为整句改写。核心替换为 "give up = abandoned"、"depend on = rely on"、"lifestyle = ways"。填空词 nomadic 和 nature 在原文中原词出现，属于定位后直接提取。

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Q2（C6-T3-P3）判断题

题目： Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.

原文： As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging.

✅ 答案：FALSE

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
delay	v./n.	延缓；推迟

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
Studies show	researchers noted
drugs available today	treatment on the market today
can delay	has been proved to slow
the process of growing old	human aging

💡 题目解析

题目说"研究表明现有药物能延缓衰老"，原文说"没有任何治疗方法被证明能减缓衰老"。题目为肯定表述，原文为否定表述（no treatment），信息相反，故判断为 FALSE。

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Q3（C8-T1-P1）段落信息匹配题

题目： An early timekeeping invention affected by cold temperatures.

原文（D段）： … the water clock … Although these devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe.

✅ 答案：D

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
timekeeping	n.	计时
temporal	adj.	时间的；世俗的
sundial	n.	日晷
counterpart	n.	对应物；副本
basin	n.	盆；水盆
drip	v.	滴落
denote	v.	指示；表示
dip	v.	浸；下降
inscribed	adj./v.	雕刻的；铭刻的
perform	v.	执行；运行；表演
Mediterranean	n./adj.	地中海（的）
indicate	v.	指示；表明

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
early timekeeping invention	water clock（早期计时发明）
affected by	could not always be depended on in
cold temperatures	freezing weather

💡 题目解析

题目关键词为"受低温影响的早期计时发明"。D段描述了水钟（water clock）在北欧严寒天气（freezing weather） 下不可靠，即受低温影响。"cold temperatures = freezing weather"是核心替换。

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Q4（C9-T4-P1）判断题

题目： Marie Curie's husband was a joint winner of both Marie's Nobel Prizes.

原文： With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

✅ 答案：FALSE

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
joint	adj.	共同的；联合的
award	v./n.	授予；奖项

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
joint winner	with her husband（共同获奖者）
both Nobel Prizes	1903 Nobel Prize + 1911 Nobel Prize

💡 题目解析

题目说丈夫是两项诺贝尔奖的共同获得者。原文明确指出：1903年物理学奖是与丈夫共同获得的，但1911年化学奖是她独自（sole winner） 获得的。丈夫只参与了其中一项，并非两项都是共同获奖，故判断为 FALSE。注意 "both" 这个限定词是关键陷阱。

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Q5（C7-T3-P1）填空题

题目： The ants cultivate a large number of different species of edible fungi which convert ______ into a form which they can digest.

原文： Ants can't digest the cellulose in leaves – but some fungi can. The ants therefore cultivate these fungi in their nests, bringing them leaves to feed on, and then use them as a source of food.

✅ 答案：cellulose

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
cultivate	v.	培养；种植
edible	adj.	可食用的
fungi	n.	真菌（fungus 的复数）
convert	v.	转换；转化
digest	v.	消化
cellulose	n.	纤维素

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
convert … into a form which they can digest	can't digest … but some fungi can（语义重组）
edible fungi	fungi … use them as a source of food

💡 题目解析

题目将原文逻辑进行了正向改写：原文说蚂蚁无法消化纤维素，但真菌可以 → 题目改写为"真菌将纤维素转化为蚂蚁可消化的形式"。核心词 cellulose 在原文中原词出现，定位后直接填写。

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Q6（C6-T3-P3）填空题

题目： Cells are less damaged by disease because fewer ______ are emitted.

原文： One possibility related to the ATP-making machinery's emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells.

✅ 答案：free radicals

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
emit	v.	排放；发射
emission	n.	排放；排放物
(free) radicals	n.	自由基 / radical 也可指激进分子

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
cells are less damaged	damaging cells（反向改写）
disease	age-related diseases
are emitted	emission of

💡 题目解析

题目对原文进行了因果关系的正向简化：原文说自由基的排放会通过损伤细胞导致疾病 → 题目改写为"因为更少的自由基被排放，所以细胞受到的疾病损伤更少"。注意 "emitted"（动词）对应原文 "emission"（名词），属于词性转换。

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Q7（C8-T1-P2）判断题

题目： Some improvements were made in radio communication during World War II.

原文： In the 1940s, ATC centers could and did take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved radio communication brought about by the Second World War.

✅ 答案：TRUE

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
radar	n.	雷达
A brought about by B	短语	B 导致/带来了 A

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
some improvements were made	improved … brought about by
radio communication	radio communication（原词）
during World War II	brought about by the Second World War

💡 题目解析

题目说"二战期间无线电通信有了一些改进"，原文说"由二战带来的改进的无线电通信"。"brought about by the Second World War" 意味着改进确实发生在二战期间/因二战而产生，与题目表述一致，故判断为 TRUE。

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Q8（C9-T1-P3）简答题

题目： What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?

原文： Without plants, whose prior invasion of the land, none of the other migrations could have happened.

✅ 答案：plants

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
invasion	n.	入侵；侵占

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
had to transfer	invasion
from sea to land	of the land
before any animals could migrate	none of the other migrations could have happened

💡 题目解析

题目问"在动物迁徙之前，什么必须先从海洋转移到陆地？"原文用 "without plants, whose prior invasion" 表明植物是先于动物登陆的，"prior" 对应题目中的 "before"。"transfer from sea to land = invasion of the land" 是核心替换。

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Q9（C9-T1-P3）简答题

题目： Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto land?

原文： Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction.

✅ 答案：breathing；reproduction

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
reproduction	n.	繁殖；再生产

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
big changes	major redesign
moved onto land	moving from water to land
TWO processes	including breathing and reproduction

💡 题目解析

题目问动物登陆时需要做出巨大改变的两个过程。"big changes = major redesign" 是核心替换。原文用 "including" 引出具体的两个方面：breathing（呼吸） 和 reproduction（繁殖），直接提取即可。

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Q10（C11-T4-P1）选择题

题目： One example is that if a pregnant rat suffers stress, the new-born rat may later show problems in its ______

选项： A nurture　B organs　C code　D chemicals　E environment　F behaviour/behavior

原文： Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stresses during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that led to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up.

✅ 答案：F（behaviour/behavior）

📖 生词解析

单词	词性	释义
rat	n.	老鼠（大鼠）
epigenetic	adj.	表观遗传的
fetus	n.	胎儿
rodent	n.	啮齿动物
nurture	n./v.	养育；生长

🔄 同义替换

题目用词	原文用词
pregnant rat	rat … during pregnancy
suffers stress	experiences stresses
new-born rat	fetus / rodent
show problems in its behaviour	behavioral problems

💡 题目解析

题目问压力导致新生鼠出现什么方面的问题。原文明确提到 "behavioral problems"（行为问题），对应选项 F。注意题目中 "show problems in its behaviour" 与原文 "behavioral problems" 为词性转换（名词 behaviour → 形容词 behavioral）。同时 "pregnant rat = rat during pregnancy"、"suffers = experiences" 也是常见替换。

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📝 Day 1 生词汇总表

单词	词性	释义
obliged	adj./v.	被迫的；感激的
nomadic	adj.	游牧的；流浪的
territory	n.	领地；领土
delay	v./n.	延缓；推迟
timekeeping	n.	计时
temporal	adj.	时间的；世俗的
sundial	n.	日晷
indicate	v.	指示；表明
counterpart	n.	对应物；副本
basin	n.	盆；水盆
drip	v.	滴落
denote	v.	指示；表示
dip	v./n.	浸；下降
inscribed	adj./v.	雕刻的；铭刻的
perform	v.	执行；运行；表演
Mediterranean	n./adj.	地中海（的）
joint	adj.	共同的；联合的
award	v./n.	授予；奖项
cultivate	v.	培养；种植
edible	adj.	可食用的
fungi	n.	真菌（复数）
convert	v.	转换；转化
digest	v.	消化
cellulose	n.	纤维素
emit	v.	排放；发射
emission	n.	排放；排放物
(free) radicals	n.	自由基
radar	n.	雷达
A brought about by B	短语	B 导致/带来了 A
invasion	n.	入侵；侵占
reproduction	n.	繁殖；再生产
rat	n.	老鼠（大鼠）
epigenetic	adj.	表观遗传的
fetus	n.	胎儿
rodent	n.	啮齿动物
nurture	n./v.	养育；生长
congested	adj.	堵塞的；拥挤的
migrate	v.	迁徙；移居